{"id":242205,"date":"2023-09-04T12:31:58","date_gmt":"2023-09-04T10:31:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rtrsports.com\/dlaczego-samochody-f1-potrzebuja-zigzagano\/"},"modified":"2026-10-06T18:29:43","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T16:29:43","slug":"dlaczego-samochody-f1-potrzebuja-zigzagano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rtrsports.com\/pl\/blog\/why-do-f1-cars-swerve-and-zig-zag\/","title":{"rendered":"Dlaczego bolidy F1 je\u017cd\u017c\u0105 zygzakiem? Opony, hamulce i zasady"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u015awiat\u0142a startowe jeszcze si\u0119 nie zapali\u0142y, bolidy jad\u0105 okr\u0105\u017cenie formuj\u0105ce, a realizator prze\u0142\u0105cza na uj\u0119cie z g\u00f3ry. Dwadzie\u015bcia bolid\u00f3w jad\u0105cych od tarki do tarki, jeden za drugim, jak narciarze w slalomie. Kto\u015b, kto ogl\u0105da Formu\u0142\u0119 1 po raz pierwszy, my\u015bli, \u017ce to zabawa albo jaki\u015b problem. Nie jest to ani jedno, ani drugie.<\/p>\n<p>Bolidy F1 jad\u0105 zygzakiem przede wszystkim po to, by rozgrza\u0107 opony. Przy niskiej pr\u0119dko\u015bci opony trac\u0105 temperatur\u0119, a zimna opona ma s\u0142ab\u0105 przyczepno\u015b\u0107. Skr\u0119caj\u0105c w prawo i w lewo, kierowca obci\u0105\u017ca opony bocznie, zmusza je do pracy i przywraca im w\u0142a\u015bciw\u0105 temperatur\u0119. Ten sam ruch pomaga te\u017c oczy\u015bci\u0107 je z brudu zebranego na torze. Opr\u00f3cz zygzak\u00f3w kierowcy gwa\u0142townie przyspieszaj\u0105 i hamuj\u0105, \u017ceby rozgrza\u0107 hamulce.<\/p>\n<p>Wbrew temu, co czasem mo\u017cna przeczyta\u0107, nie chodzi natomiast o spalenie paliwa, by odci\u0105\u017cy\u0107 bolid: ten efekt jest pomijalny i nie jest celem.<\/p>\n<h2>Dlaczego bolidy F1 je\u017cd\u017c\u0105 zygzakiem<\/h2>\n<p>Powody s\u0105 trzy i dzia\u0142aj\u0105 razem.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Temperatura opon.<\/strong> Opona Formu\u0142y 1 pracuje najlepiej tylko w \u015bci\u015ble okre\u015blonym oknie temperatury. Koce grzewcze rozgrzewaj\u0105 j\u0105 w gara\u017cu, ale gdy tylko bolid wyjedzie i jedzie wolno, powierzchnia stygnie. Jazda zygzakiem sprawia, \u017ce opona ociera si\u0119 o asfalt i ugina, a tarcie przywraca ciep\u0142o tam, gdzie jest potrzebne.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Czyszczenie.<\/strong> Poza idealn\u0105 lini\u0105 jazdy tor pokrywaj\u0105 resztki zu\u017cytej gumy, py\u0142 i drobne kamyki. Opony, kt\u00f3re po nich przeje\u017cd\u017caj\u0105, zbieraj\u0105 ich troch\u0119. Zdecydowane skr\u0119ty pomagaj\u0105 zrzuci\u0107 t\u0119 warstw\u0119 i odzyska\u0107 czyst\u0105 powierzchni\u0119.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hamulce.<\/strong> W\u0119glowe hamulce dzia\u0142aj\u0105 dobrze tylko wtedy, gdy s\u0105 gor\u0105ce. Dlatego opr\u00f3cz zygzak\u00f3w kierowcy przeplataj\u0105 gwa\u0142towne przyspieszenia i mocne hamowania, czasem lekko przytrzymuj\u0105c hamulec podczas dodawania gazu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/rtrsports.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/carlos-zainz.jpg\" alt=\"Zygzak w F1: Ferrari na oponach przej\u015bciowych na torze, gdzie temperatura opon jest kluczowa\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Kiedy kierowcy je\u017cd\u017c\u0105 zygzakiem<\/h2>\n<p>Najbardziej znanym momentem jest okr\u0105\u017cenie formuj\u0105ce przed startem zatrzymanym. To ostatnia okazja, by doprowadzi\u0107 opony i hamulce do w\u0142a\u015bciwej temperatury przed startem, gdy od razu potrzebna jest przyczepno\u015b\u0107 przy ruszaniu i hamowaniu do pierwszego zakr\u0119tu.<\/p>\n<p>To samo dzieje si\u0119 za <a href=\"https:\/\/rtrsports.com\/pl\/blog\/f1-bezpieczne-samochody\/\">samochodem bezpiecze\u0144stwa<\/a>. Wy\u015bcig jest zneutralizowany, jedzie si\u0119 du\u017co wolniej ni\u017c zwykle, a opony stygn\u0105 z ka\u017cdym okr\u0105\u017ceniem. Kierowcy je\u017cd\u017c\u0105 zygzakiem, by nie mie\u0107 zimnych opon przy restarcie, jednym z najdelikatniejszych moment\u00f3w wy\u015bcigu. Robi\u0105 to te\u017c, w mniejszym stopniu, podczas wirtualnego samochodu bezpiecze\u0144stwa i na okr\u0105\u017ceniach wyjazdowych w kwalifikacjach.<\/p>\n<p>Zygzak jest jeszcze wa\u017cniejszy, gdy jest zimno lub pada: na mokrym asfalcie opona z trudem si\u0119 nagrzewa, a restart na zimnych oponach mo\u017ce kosztowa\u0107 pozycje albo sko\u0144czy\u0107 si\u0119 na \u015bcianie.<\/p>\n<h2>Zasady: wolno, ale z rozs\u0105dkiem<\/h2>\n<p>Jazda zygzakiem nie jest zakazana, ale musi by\u0107 bezpieczna. Regulamin zabrania jazdy nieobliczalnej lub niebezpiecznej, a s\u0119dziowie mog\u0105 ukara\u0107 tego, kto przesadza lub stwarza zagro\u017cenie dla jad\u0105cego za nim. Na okr\u0105\u017ceniu formuj\u0105cym nie wolno ponadto wyprzedza\u0107, chyba \u017ce w celu przywr\u00f3cenia kolejno\u015bci startowej, gdy kt\u00f3ry\u015b bolid zosta\u0142 z ty\u0142u.<\/p>\n<p>Za samochodem bezpiecze\u0144stwa zasady s\u0105 jeszcze ostrzejsze: ka\u017cdy kierowca musi trzyma\u0107 si\u0119 w odleg\u0142o\u015bci nie wi\u0119kszej ni\u017c dziesi\u0119\u0107 d\u0142ugo\u015bci bolidu od poprzedzaj\u0105cego go auta, a gdy samoch\u00f3d bezpiecze\u0144stwa wy\u0142\u0105czy \u015bwiat\u0142a przed zjazdem do alei serwisowej, nie mo\u017ce ju\u017c gwa\u0142townie przyspiesza\u0107 ani hamowa\u0107, by nie nara\u017ca\u0107 restartu. Zygzak jest tolerowany, dop\u00f3ki s\u0142u\u017cy utrzymaniu temperatury opon, a nie staje si\u0119 sztuczk\u0105 utrudniaj\u0105c\u0105 \u017cycie innym.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/rtrsports.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/safe-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"Bolidy F1 za samochodem bezpiecze\u0144stwa w Singapurze, gdy kierowcy jad\u0105 zygzakiem, by utrzyma\u0107 temperatur\u0119 opon\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Koce grzewcze nie wystarczaj\u0105<\/h2>\n<p>Mo\u017cna zapyta\u0107, po co wszystkie te manewry, skoro opony wyje\u017cd\u017caj\u0105 ju\u017c ciep\u0142e. Odpowied\u017a jest taka, \u017ce koce grzewcze rozgrzewaj\u0105 opon\u0119, zanim bolid opu\u015bci gara\u017c, ale nic nie mog\u0105 zrobi\u0107 podczas okr\u0105\u017cenia formuj\u0105cego czy za samochodem bezpiecze\u0144stwa. Przez kilka lat Formu\u0142a 1 rozwa\u017ca\u0142a ich zakaz, by ograniczy\u0107 zu\u017cycie energii, ale pomys\u0142 od\u0142o\u017cono i w 2026 roku nadal s\u0105 dozwolone, z precyzyjnymi limitami: maksymalnie 70\u00b0C i dwie godziny podgrzewania dla opon typu slick.<\/p>\n<p>Nowe <a href=\"https:\/\/rtrsports.com\/pl\/blog\/the-gum-in-the-formula-1-differences-rules-importance\/\">opony F1 na 2026 rok<\/a>, w\u0119\u017csze i l\u017cejsze, nie zmieni\u0142y tego nawyku: nawet przy mniejszej ilo\u015bci gumy do nagrzania opony stygn\u0105 przy wolnej je\u017adzie, a kierowcy nadal je\u017cd\u017c\u0105 zygzakiem.<\/p>\n<h2>Nie tylko Formu\u0142a 1<\/h2>\n<p>Zygzak nie jest wy\u0142\u0105czn\u0105 domen\u0105 Formu\u0142y 1. Wida\u0107 go w NASCAR podczas okr\u0105\u017ce\u0144 pod \u017c\u00f3\u0142t\u0105 flag\u0105, w IndyCar i w wy\u015bcigach d\u0142ugodystansowych. Pow\u00f3d jest zawsze ten sam: zimne opony oznaczaj\u0105 mniejsz\u0105 przyczepno\u015b\u0107, a mniejsza przyczepno\u015b\u0107 oznacza ryzyko. Zmienia si\u0119 tylko intensywno\u015b\u0107, bo ka\u017cda opona ma swoje okno temperatury, a ka\u017cdy samoch\u00f3d sw\u00f3j spos\u00f3b, by je osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107.<\/p>\n<p>To jeden z tych szczeg\u00f3\u0142\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re wiele m\u00f3wi\u0105 o tym sporcie: nawet ruch wygl\u0105daj\u0105cy na zabaw\u0119 jest w rzeczywisto\u015bci czystym przygotowaniem. A kto \u015bledzi Formu\u0142\u0119 1 z bliska, na przyk\u0142ad po to, by oceni\u0107 <a href=\"https:\/\/rtrsports.com\/pl\/formula-1-sponsoring\/\">sponsoring w Formule 1<\/a>, szybko si\u0119 uczy, \u017ce na torze prawie nic nie dzieje si\u0119 przypadkiem.<\/p>\n    <div itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\" class=\"faq-schema-wrapper question-list-wrap\">\r\n\r\n                    <h2><b>Najcz\u0119\u015bciej zadawane pytania o zygzak w F1<\/b><\/h2>\r\n        \r\n        <br \/>\n    <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\" class=\"faq-item question-list-row\">\r\n\r\n        <h3 class=\"h5\" itemprop=\"name\">\r\n            <b>Dlaczego bolidy F1 je\u017cd\u017c\u0105 zygzakiem?<\/b>\r\n        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n        <div itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\r\n            <div itemprop=\"text\" class=\"question-answer\">\r\n                <p>Przede wszystkim, by rozgrza\u0107 opony, kt\u00f3re przy niskiej pr\u0119dko\u015bci trac\u0105 temperatur\u0119, a wi\u0119c i przyczepno\u015b\u0107. Zygzak pomaga te\u017c oczy\u015bci\u0107 opony z brudu zebranego na torze. Razem z gwa\u0142townymi przyspieszeniami i hamowaniami pomaga r\u00f3wnie\u017c rozgrza\u0107 hamulce.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <br \/>\n    <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\" class=\"faq-item question-list-row\">\r\n\r\n        <h3 class=\"h5\" itemprop=\"name\">\r\n            <b>Kiedy kierowcy F1 je\u017cd\u017c\u0105 zygzakiem?<\/b>\r\n        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n        <div itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\r\n            <div itemprop=\"text\" class=\"question-answer\">\r\n                <p>Na okr\u0105\u017ceniu formuj\u0105cym przed startem, za samochodem bezpiecze\u0144stwa oraz, w mniejszym stopniu, podczas wirtualnego samochodu bezpiecze\u0144stwa i na okr\u0105\u017ceniach wyjazdowych w kwalifikacjach. Og\u00f3lnie zawsze, gdy jad\u0105 wolno i opony mog\u0105 wystygn\u0105\u0107.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <br \/>\n    <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\" class=\"faq-item question-list-row\">\r\n\r\n        <h3 class=\"h5\" itemprop=\"name\">\r\n            <b>Czy zygzak s\u0142u\u017cy do spalania paliwa?<\/b>\r\n        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n        <div itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\r\n            <div itemprop=\"text\" class=\"question-answer\">\r\n                <p>Nie. Wp\u0142yw na zu\u017cycie paliwa jest pomijalny i nie o to chodzi. Zygzak s\u0142u\u017cy do utrzymania opon w temperaturze i w czysto\u015bci.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <br \/>\n    <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\" class=\"faq-item question-list-row\">\r\n\r\n        <h3 class=\"h5\" itemprop=\"name\">\r\n            <b>Czy regulamin pozwala na jazd\u0119 zygzakiem?<\/b>\r\n        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n        <div itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\r\n            <div itemprop=\"text\" class=\"question-answer\">\r\n                <p>Tak, pod warunkiem \u017ce odbywa si\u0119 bezpiecznie. S\u0119dziowie mog\u0105 kara\u0107 jazd\u0119 nieobliczaln\u0105 lub niebezpieczn\u0105, a za samochodem bezpiecze\u0144stwa kierowcy musz\u0105 trzyma\u0107 si\u0119 w odleg\u0142o\u015bci nie wi\u0119kszej ni\u017c dziesi\u0119\u0107 d\u0142ugo\u015bci bolidu od poprzedzaj\u0105cego auta, nie stwarzaj\u0105c zagro\u017cenia.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <br \/>\n    <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\" class=\"faq-item question-list-row\">\r\n\r\n        <h3 class=\"h5\" itemprop=\"name\">\r\n            <b>Po co zygzak, skoro koce grzewcze ju\u017c rozgrza\u0142y opony?<\/b>\r\n        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n        <div itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\r\n            <div itemprop=\"text\" class=\"question-answer\">\r\n                <p>Koce rozgrzewaj\u0105 opony w gara\u017cu, ale na okr\u0105\u017ceniu formuj\u0105cym lub za samochodem bezpiecze\u0144stwa powierzchnia stygnie. Zygzak pozwala odzyska\u0107 to ciep\u0142o przed startem lub restartem.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <br \/>\n    <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\" class=\"faq-item question-list-row\">\r\n\r\n        <h3 class=\"h5\" itemprop=\"name\">\r\n            <b>Czy w NASCAR te\u017c je\u017adzi si\u0119 zygzakiem?<\/b>\r\n        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n        <div itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\r\n            <div itemprop=\"text\" class=\"question-answer\">\r\n                <p>Tak, podczas okr\u0105\u017ce\u0144 pod \u017c\u00f3\u0142t\u0105 flag\u0105 i przed restartami, z tego samego powodu: by utrzyma\u0107 opony ciep\u0142e i czyste. Wida\u0107 to tak\u017ce w IndyCar i w wy\u015bcigach d\u0142ugodystansowych.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <br \/>\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u015awiat\u0142a startowe jeszcze si\u0119 nie zapali\u0142y, bolidy jad\u0105 okr\u0105\u017cenie formuj\u0105ce, a realizator prze\u0142\u0105cza na uj\u0119cie z g\u00f3ry. Dwadzie\u015bcia bolid\u00f3w jad\u0105cych od tarki do tarki, jeden za drugim, jak narciarze w slalomie. Kto\u015b, kto ogl\u0105da Formu\u0142\u0119 1 po raz pierwszy, my\u015bli, \u017ce to zabawa albo jaki\u015b problem. Nie jest to ani jedno, ani drugie. Bolidy F1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":195710,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20213],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-242205","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-formula-1-pl"],"acf":[],"contentshake_article_id":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Zygzak F1: dlaczego bolidy je\u017cd\u017c\u0105 zygzakiem przed startem<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Zygzak w F1: dlaczego bolidy jad\u0105 zygzakiem na okr\u0105\u017ceniu formuj\u0105cym i za samochodem bezpiecze\u0144stwa. 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