{"id":242349,"date":"2022-08-18T13:12:29","date_gmt":"2022-08-18T11:12:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rtrsports.com\/how-much-do-you-know-f1-10-terms-to-know\/"},"modified":"2026-09-28T13:05:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T11:05:28","slug":"how-much-do-you-know-f1-10-terms-to-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rtrsports.com\/pl\/blog\/what-you-know-about-f1-10-terms-to-know\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak dobrze znasz F1? 10 poj\u0119\u0107, kt\u00f3re trzeba zna\u0107 w 2026 roku"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ogl\u0105daj\u0105c Grand Prix, cz\u0119sto s\u0142yszymy, jak komentatorzy, kierowcy i in\u017cynierowie u\u017cywaj\u0105 s\u0142\u00f3w brzmi\u0105cych jak szyfr: undercut, graining, lift and coast. W 2026 roku s\u0142ownik Formu\u0142y 1 zn\u00f3w si\u0119 zmieni\u0142, bo nowe przepisy wys\u0142a\u0142y DRS na emerytur\u0119 i wprowadzi\u0142y aktywn\u0105 aerodynamik\u0119, Overtake Mode oraz zupe\u0142nie nowe zarz\u0105dzanie energi\u0105. Oto dziesi\u0119\u0107 poj\u0119\u0107, kt\u00f3re trzeba dzi\u015b zna\u0107, by \u015bledzi\u0107 wy\u015bcig Formu\u0142y 1 i niczego nie przegapi\u0107, oraz kr\u00f3tki przewodnik po s\u0142owach, kt\u00f3re nale\u017c\u0105 ju\u017c do przesz\u0142o\u015bci.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aktualizacja: wrzesie\u0144 2026.<\/em><\/p>\n

W skr\u00f3cie: klasyczne poj\u0119cia, kt\u00f3re wci\u0105\u017c si\u0119 przydaj\u0105, to graining i blistering, dotycz\u0105ce zu\u017cycia opon, undercut i overcut, dotycz\u0105ce strategii w boksach, podsterowno\u015b\u0107 i nadsterowno\u015b\u0107, brudne powietrze i cie\u0144 aerodynamiczny. Nowe poj\u0119cia z 2026 roku dotycz\u0105 przepis\u00f3w technicznych: Straight Mode i Corner Mode aktywnej aerodynamiki, Overtake Mode, kt\u00f3ry zast\u0105pi\u0142 DRS, Boost oraz super clipping, czyli spos\u00f3b, w jaki bolidy odzyskuj\u0105 energi\u0119. Porpoising, bohater 2022 roku, w bolidach z 2026 roku sta\u0142 si\u0119 g\u0142\u00f3wnie wspomnieniem.<\/p>\n

1. Graining i blistering<\/h2>\n

To dwa g\u0142\u00f3wne sposoby, w jakie opona traci w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci. Graining<\/strong> powstaje, gdy opona pracuje poni\u017cej idealnej temperatury i \u015blizga si\u0119 po asfalcie: powierzchnia rwie si\u0119 na drobne wa\u0142eczki gumy, kt\u00f3re przyklejaj\u0105 si\u0119 do bie\u017cnika i zmniejszaj\u0105 przyczepno\u015b\u0107. Blistering<\/strong>, czyli \u201ep\u0119cherze\u201d, to problem odwrotny: opona przegrzewa si\u0119 od \u015brodka, tworz\u0105 si\u0119 p\u0119cherze, kt\u00f3re p\u0119kaj\u0105 i zostawiaj\u0105 dziury w bie\u017cniku. Blistering jest powa\u017cniejszy, bo osi\u0105gi gwa\u0142townie spadaj\u0105. W\u0142a\u015bnie po to, by rozgrza\u0107 opony do w\u0142a\u015bciwej temperatury, kierowcy jad\u0105 zygzakiem podczas okr\u0105\u017cenia formuj\u0105cego lub za samochodem bezpiecze\u0144stwa.<\/p>\n

2. Undercut i overcut<\/h2>\n

To dwie strategie, dzi\u0119ki kt\u00f3rym pr\u00f3buje si\u0119 wyprzedzi\u0107 rywala w boksach, a nie na torze. Przy undercut<\/strong> kierowca zje\u017cd\u017ca do boksu przed bolidem, kt\u00f3ry jedzie przed nim: na nowych oponach jest szybszy, a gdy rywal z kolei zjedzie do boksu, po powrocie na tor znajdzie si\u0119 za nim. Przy overcut<\/strong> robi si\u0119 odwrotnie: zostaje si\u0119 na torze d\u0142u\u017cej ni\u017c rywal, wykorzystuj\u0105c czyste powietrze i l\u017cejszy bolid, podczas gdy przeciwnik traci czas na rozgrzewanie nowych opon albo utyka w ruchu. Kt\u00f3ra z nich zadzia\u0142a, zale\u017cy od toru, zu\u017cycia opon i czasu traconego w alei serwisowej.<\/p>\n

3. Podsterowno\u015b\u0107 i nadsterowno\u015b\u0107<\/h2>\n

Opisuj\u0105 zachowanie bolidu w zakr\u0119cie. Przy podsterowno\u015bci<\/strong> pierwszy traci przyczepno\u015b\u0107 prz\u00f3d: kierowca skr\u0119ca kierownic\u0105, ale bolid ma tendencj\u0119 do wyje\u017cd\u017cania na zewn\u0105trz. Przy nadsterowno\u015bci<\/strong> ucieka ty\u0142: bolid ma tendencj\u0119 do obracania si\u0119, a kierowca musi korygowa\u0107 kontr\u0105. Du\u017ca cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 pracy kierowcy i in\u017cynier\u00f3w w trakcie weekendu polega na znalezieniu w\u0142a\u015bciwej r\u00f3wnowagi mi\u0119dzy tymi dwoma zachowaniami.<\/p>\n

4. Brudne powietrze i cie\u0144 aerodynamiczny<\/h2>\n

Bolid Formu\u0142y 1 zostawia za sob\u0105 smug\u0119 turbulentnego powietrza. Dla kierowcy jad\u0105cego tu\u017c za nim to brudne powietrze<\/strong> zmniejsza docisk i utrudnia trzymanie si\u0119 rywala w zakr\u0119tach, a do tego przegrzewa opony. Na prostych ta sama smuga jest jednak zalet\u0105: bolid jad\u0105cy z ty\u0142u napotyka mniejszy op\u00f3r i zyskuje pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107, to tak zwana jazda w cieniu aerodynamicznym<\/strong>, po angielsku slipstream lub tow.<\/p>\n

5. Aktywna aerodynamika: Straight Mode i Corner Mode<\/h2>\n

To najbardziej widoczna nowo\u015b\u0107 2026 roku. Przednie i tylne skrzyd\u0142a nie s\u0105 ju\u017c sta\u0142e: w strefach wyznaczonych przez regulamin, zwykle na prostych, kierowca mo\u017ce otworzy\u0107 klapy i przej\u015b\u0107 w Straight Mode<\/strong>, z mniejszym oporem i wy\u017csz\u0105 pr\u0119dko\u015bci\u0105 maksymaln\u0105. W zakr\u0119tach bolid wraca do Corner Mode<\/strong>, normalnej konfiguracji z pe\u0142nym dociskiem. W odr\u00f3\u017cnieniu od dawnego DRS nie trzeba by\u0107 mniej ni\u017c sekund\u0119 za poprzedzaj\u0105cym bolidem: wszyscy mog\u0105 z niej korzysta\u0107 w wyznaczonych strefach. Na mokr\u0105 nawierzchni\u0119 przewidziano te\u017c tryb po\u015bredni.<\/p>\n

6. Overtake Mode<\/h2>\n

To nast\u0119pca DRS jako narz\u0119dzia do wyprzedzania. Je\u015bli kierowca przejedzie przez punkt pomiarowy, zwykle na ostatnim zakr\u0119cie, mniej ni\u017c sekund\u0119 za poprzedzaj\u0105cym bolidem, na kolejnym okr\u0105\u017ceniu mo\u017ce w\u0142\u0105czy\u0107 Overtake Mode<\/strong>: ma do dyspozycji dodatkowe p\u00f3\u0142 megad\u017cula energii elektrycznej i mo\u017ce korzysta\u0107 z pe\u0142nej mocy elektrycznej do wy\u017cszych pr\u0119dko\u015bci, by spr\u00f3bowa\u0107 wyprzedzi\u0107.<\/p>\n

7. Boost<\/h2>\n

W 2026 roku elektryczna cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 jednostki nap\u0119dowej jest warta prawie tyle co silnik spalinowy, a kierowca mo\u017ce decydowa\u0107, kiedy jej u\u017cy\u0107. Naciskaj\u0105c przycisk Boost<\/strong>, uwalnia energi\u0119 z akumulatora tam, gdzie chce, jednorazowo lub rozk\u0142adaj\u0105c j\u0105 na ca\u0142e okr\u0105\u017cenie, by atakowa\u0107 albo si\u0119 broni\u0107. Od Grand Prix Miami 2026 FIA ograniczy\u0142a Boost w wy\u015bcigu do dodatkowych 150 kW.<\/p>\n

8. Recharge, lift and coast i super clipping<\/h2>\n

Przy tak wa\u017cnym akumulatorze odzyskiwanie energii sta\u0142o si\u0119 kluczowe. Bolidy odzyskuj\u0105 j\u0105 na cztery sposoby: podczas hamowania, przy cz\u0119\u015bciowym otwarciu przepustnicy, po zdj\u0119ciu nogi z gazu i dzi\u0119ki super clippingowi. Lift and coast<\/strong>, czyli zdj\u0119cie nogi z gazu przed punktem hamowania i pozwolenie bolidowi toczy\u0107 si\u0119 si\u0142\u0105 rozp\u0119du, istnia\u0142o ju\u017c wcze\u015bniej, by oszcz\u0119dza\u0107 paliwo, hamulce i opony; w 2026 roku s\u0142u\u017cy g\u0142\u00f3wnie do \u0142adowania akumulatora, a na pocz\u0105tku sezonu by\u0142o tak cz\u0119ste, \u017ce wywo\u0142a\u0142o dyskusje w\u015br\u00f3d kierowc\u00f3w i kibic\u00f3w. Super clipping<\/strong> to odzyskiwanie energii przy wci\u0105\u017c wci\u015bni\u0119tym do oporu pedale gazu, na ko\u0144cu prostych lub w szybkich zakr\u0119tach, kosztem odrobiny pr\u0119dko\u015bci maksymalnej. Od Miami FIA podnios\u0142a jego limit z 250 do 350 kW, r\u00f3wnie\u017c po to, by ograniczy\u0107 korzystanie z lift and coast.<\/p>\n

9. Sprint<\/h2>\n

Sprint<\/strong> to kr\u00f3tki wy\u015bcig na oko\u0142o 100 kilometr\u00f3w, bez obowi\u0105zkowych postoj\u00f3w w boksach, rozgrywany w sobot\u0119 podczas niekt\u00f3rych weekend\u00f3w, z w\u0142asnymi kwalifikacjami i punktami dla pierwszej \u00f3semki. W 2026 roku jest sze\u015b\u0107 weekend\u00f3w ze Sprintem: Chiny, Miami, Kanada, Wielka Brytania, Holandia i Singapur; Kanada, Holandia i Singapur goszcz\u0105 go po raz pierwszy.<\/p>\n

10. Safety Car i Virtual Safety Car<\/h2>\n

Gdy na torze pojawia si\u0119 zagro\u017cenie, dyrekcja wy\u015bcigu mo\u017ce wys\u0142a\u0107 na tor Safety Car<\/strong>: bolidy ustawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 za nim w kolejce, r\u00f3\u017cnice zostaj\u0105 zniwelowane i nie wolno wyprzedza\u0107. Przy Virtual Safety Car<\/strong>, wprowadzonym w 2015 roku po wypadku Jules’a Bianchiego na Suzuce w 2014 roku, na tor nie wyje\u017cd\u017ca \u017caden samoch\u00f3d: ka\u017cdy kierowca musi przestrzega\u0107 minimalnego czasu wy\u015bwietlanego na kierownicy, a r\u00f3\u017cnice mi\u0119dzy bolidami pozostaj\u0105 mniej wi\u0119cej takie same.<\/p>\n

Poj\u0119cia z przesz\u0142o\u015bci<\/h2>\n

Niekt\u00f3re s\u0142owa, kt\u00f3re w 2022 roku by\u0142y wsz\u0119dzie, dzi\u015b opowiadaj\u0105 o innej epoce. Porpoising<\/strong>, czyli podskakiwanie z wysok\u0105 cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci\u0105 bolid\u00f3w z efektem przypowierzchniowym z lat 2022-2025, niemal znikn\u0119\u0142o wraz z p\u0142askimi pod\u0142ogami z 2026 roku, cho\u0107 in\u017cynierowie nadal uwa\u017caj\u0105, by do niego nie wr\u00f3ci\u0107. DRS<\/strong>, ruchome tylne skrzyd\u0142o u\u017cywane przez pi\u0119tna\u015bcie sezon\u00f3w, od 2011 do 2025 roku, zosta\u0142o zast\u0105pione przez aktywn\u0105 aerodynamik\u0119 i Overtake Mode. A efekt Coandy<\/strong>, kt\u00f3ry w 2012 i 2013 roku niekt\u00f3re zespo\u0142y wykorzystywa\u0142y, by kierowa\u0107 spaliny w stron\u0119 pod\u0142ogi, nie odgrywa ju\u017c \u017cadnej roli w obecnych bolidach. Piszemy o tym tak\u017ce w artykule o tym, dlaczego bolidy Formu\u0142y 1 iskrz\u0105<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Dla tych, kt\u00f3rzy chc\u0105 wiedzie\u0107 wi\u0119cej, Formu\u0142a 1 publikuje oficjalny s\u0142owniczek, a my zebrali\u015bmy podstawy mistrzostw w artykule o tym, jak dzia\u0142a Formu\u0142a 1<\/a>. A je\u015bli patrzysz na Formu\u0142\u0119 1 z perspektywy firmy, zacznij od naszej strony po\u015bwi\u0119conej sponsoringowi w Formule 1<\/a> albo skontaktuj si\u0119 z nami<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142a:<\/strong> Formu\u0142a 1, oficjalny s\u0142owniczek<\/a>; Formu\u0142a 1, nowe poj\u0119cia z 2026 roku<\/a>; Motor Sport, nazwy tryb\u00f3w z 2026 roku<\/a>; The Race, Boost, Overtake Mode i aktywna aerodynamika<\/a>; Autosport, zmiany od Miami 2026<\/a>; The Race, super clipping<\/a>; The Race, zmiany w po\u0142owie sezonu<\/a>; Motorsport.com, kierowcy o zarz\u0105dzaniu energi\u0105<\/a>; Formu\u0142a 1, jednostki nap\u0119dowe 2026<\/a>; Formu\u0142a 1, Sprinty 2026<\/a>; Motorsport.com, jak dzia\u0142aj\u0105 Safety Car i VSC<\/a>; Autosport, porpoising w 2026 roku<\/a>; Autosport, wydechy z efektem Coandy<\/a>; F1 Chronicle, graining i blistering<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\r\n\r\n

Najcz\u0119\u015bciej zadawane pytania o poj\u0119cia Formu\u0142y 1<\/b><\/h2>\r\n \r\n
\n
\r\n\r\n

\r\n Czym r\u00f3\u017cni si\u0119 undercut od overcut?<\/b>\r\n <\/h3>\r\n\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

Przy undercut kierowca zje\u017cd\u017ca do boksu przed poprzedzaj\u0105cym rywalem i dzi\u0119ki nowym oponom jest przed nim, gdy tamten r\u00f3wnie\u017c zjedzie. Przy overcut zostaje si\u0119 d\u0142u\u017cej na torze, wykorzystuj\u0105c czyste powietrze, podczas gdy rywal traci czas na rozgrzewanie nowych opon.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\n

\r\n\r\n

\r\n Czym jest Overtake Mode?<\/b>\r\n <\/h3>\r\n\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

To narz\u0119dzie, kt\u00f3re od 2026 roku zast\u0105pi\u0142o DRS. Je\u015bli kierowca jest w punkcie pomiarowym mniej ni\u017c sekund\u0119 za poprzedzaj\u0105cym bolidem, na kolejnym okr\u0105\u017ceniu mo\u017ce u\u017cy\u0107 dodatkowego p\u00f3\u0142 megad\u017cula energii elektrycznej, by spr\u00f3bowa\u0107 wyprzedzi\u0107.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\n

\r\n\r\n

\r\n Czym s\u0105 Straight Mode i Corner Mode?<\/b>\r\n <\/h3>\r\n\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

To dwie konfiguracje aktywnej aerodynamiki z 2026 roku. W Straight Mode, na prostych, klapy skrzyde\u0142 otwieraj\u0105 si\u0119, by zmniejszy\u0107 op\u00f3r; w Corner Mode, w zakr\u0119tach, ponownie si\u0119 zamykaj\u0105, by zapewni\u0107 maksymalny docisk.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\n

\r\n\r\n

\r\n Czym jest lift and coast?<\/b>\r\n <\/h3>\r\n\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

To technika, w kt\u00f3rej kierowca zdejmuje nog\u0119 z gazu przed punktem hamowania i pozwala bolidowi toczy\u0107 si\u0119 si\u0142\u0105 rozp\u0119du. Kiedy\u015b s\u0142u\u017cy\u0142a oszcz\u0119dzaniu paliwa, hamulc\u00f3w i opon; w 2026 roku s\u0142u\u017cy g\u0142\u00f3wnie do \u0142adowania akumulatora.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\n

\r\n\r\n

\r\n Czy DRS wci\u0105\u017c istnieje w Formule 1?<\/b>\r\n <\/h3>\r\n\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

Nie. DRS by\u0142 u\u017cywany przez pi\u0119tna\u015bcie sezon\u00f3w, od 2011 do 2025 roku. Od 2026 roku zast\u0105pi\u0142a go aktywna aerodynamika, z kt\u00f3rej wszyscy mog\u0105 korzysta\u0107 w wyznaczonych strefach, oraz Overtake Mode dla kierowcy, kt\u00f3ry goni rywala.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ogl\u0105daj\u0105c Grand Prix, cz\u0119sto s\u0142yszymy, jak komentatorzy, kierowcy i in\u017cynierowie u\u017cywaj\u0105 s\u0142\u00f3w brzmi\u0105cych jak szyfr: undercut, graining, lift and coast. W 2026 roku s\u0142ownik Formu\u0142y 1 zn\u00f3w si\u0119 zmieni\u0142, bo nowe przepisy wys\u0142a\u0142y DRS na emerytur\u0119 i wprowadzi\u0142y aktywn\u0105 aerodynamik\u0119, Overtake Mode oraz zupe\u0142nie nowe zarz\u0105dzanie energi\u0105. Oto dziesi\u0119\u0107 poj\u0119\u0107, kt\u00f3re trzeba dzi\u015b zna\u0107, by […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":193087,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20214],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-242349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-formula1-pl"],"acf":[],"contentshake_article_id":"","yoast_head":"\n10 poj\u0119\u0107 Formu\u0142y 1, kt\u00f3re trzeba zna\u0107 w 2026 roku<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Undercut, graining, Overtake Mode, aktywna aerodynamika, lift and coast: 10 poj\u0119\u0107 Formu\u0142y 1, kt\u00f3re trzeba zna\u0107 w 2026 roku, i s\u0142owa, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 ju\u017c przesz\u0142o\u015bci\u0105.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rtrsports.com\/pl\/blog\/what-you-know-about-f1-10-terms-to-know\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak dobrze znasz F1? 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